Differences between MD and LVD: Mechanical risks fall under MD, electrical risks under LVD (Source: Industry Documents): MD: Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC (Source: EUR-Lex); LVD: Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU (Source: EU Official Website) — Boundaries: LVD does not apply when covered by machinery (Source: Sorena).
I. MD Scope
Mechanical: Mechanical + Interchangeable Equipment (Source: EUR-Lex); Component: Safety Components + Lifting Accessories (Source: EUR-Lex); Transmission: Chains, Ropes, Webbing + Transmission Devices (Source: EUR-Lex); Partially Completed: Partially Completed Mechanical (Source: EUR-Lex); Exclusion: Amusement Park, Nuclear Industry, Laboratory, Mining (Source: EUR-Lex) — MD: Mechanical + Components (Large Production Line Equipment).
II. Scope of LVD
Voltage: 50-1000V AC/75-1500V DC (Source: EU Official Website); Product: Power cables for household appliances (Source: EU Official Website); Component: Specific components such as fuses (Source: EU Official Website); Independent: Electrically installed equipment placed separately (Source: Sorena); Exemption: Annex II Exclusion List (Source: Sorena) – LVD: Independent electrical equipment (based on voltage).
III. Risk Types
MD: Mechanical injury, crushing, impact, cutting (Source: Industry documents); LVD: Health, safety, and electrical risks (Source: EU official website); OSHA: MD corresponds to OSHA workplace requirements (Source: Industry documents); Electrical: LVD covers electrical safety (Source: EU official website); Overlay: Components are assessed along with the whole machine (Source: BAUA) – Risk: Mechanical/Electrical (based on primary hazard).
IV. Boundary Determination
Mechanical Body: Complete machinery follows MD (Source: Sorena); Electrical Components: Separately deployed follows LVD (Source: Sorena); Internal Machinery: Internal electrical components are assessed along with MD (Source: BAUA); Household: Household electrical products follow LVD (Source: BAUA); Check Annex I: MD Annex I Exclusion List (Source: HSENI) — Boundary: Complete machine MD + Separate LVD (Key Judgment).
V. Compliance Procedures
MD: EHSR + Risk Assessment + Technical Documentation (Source: EUR-Lex); High-Risk MD: Requires involvement of a notified body (Source: DGUV); LVD: Annex III Internal Production Control (Source: Sorena); LVD: Self-declaration is sufficient (Source: Sorena); CE: Both require CE marking (Source: EU official website) — Procedure: MD classification + LVD self-declaration (different paths).
VI. Standards Support
MD: Harmonized standards of type A/B/C (Source: EU official website); MD: ISO 12100 risk assessment (Source: Industry practice); LVD: Electrical standards such as EN 60204; Presumed: Presumed compliance with harmonized standards (Source: EU official website); Combination: Dual standards for automation equipment (Source: Industry practice) — Standard: MD mechanical + LVD electrical (combined use).
VII. Procurement Recommendations
1. **Determine the Entity** (Complete Machine MD/Individual LVD); 2. **Identify Risks** (Main Hazard Type); 3. **Select Procedures** (Classification/Self-Declaration); 4. **Assemble Standards** (Dual Standards);
5. **Compare with 2027 (New Machinery Regulations)** – Differences: Boundary + Risk + Procedure (Three-line Judgment).
